miércoles, 24 de enero de 2007

FALACIAS DE LA ARGUMENTACIÓN VISUAL

El pasado día 18 publicaba El País en páginas consecutivas las dos informaciones que tienes a continuación. Fíjate en las imágenes y comprobarás que tratan de convertirse por sí mismas en "prueba de cargo" de una de las interpretaciones que se sustentan en la información verbal.



En la primera de ellas el dedo de la mujer señalando la grieta de la escalera parece estar demostrando de forma incontestable, sin ningún género de dudas, lo que se dice en el subtítulo: "Mas de 30 vecinos de El Prat presentan denuncias por las grietas detectadas en sus casas". Esa es, al menos, la impresión con la que se queda el lector apresurado, acostumbrado a confundir la imagen con la realidad por su parecido con la misma. Y pasará a otra información con una sentencia clara que determina un culpable.

Afortunadamente, el autor del pie de foto sí ha sabido matizar la contundencia de la imagen, frenando la evidencia lo que no hubiera sido otra cosa que una peligrosa falacia: "Una vecina de El Prat de Llobregat muestra una grieta en una escalera de su domicilio supuestamente causada por las obras del AVE".

¿Cuántas imágenes como ésta, con el dedo acusador señalando la culpa o el culpable, nos encontramos a menudo en los medios?, ¿Cuántas veces nos damos cuenta de la trampa manipuladora?.

Veamos ahora, la segunda información, la que venía en la página siguiente:


La "argumentación" visual es aquí aún más peligrosa, si cabe. Hay dos centros de interés: un invidente con gafas negras en el plano más cercano y la figura de un juez al fondo. Utilizando una corta profundidad de campo, la figura del invidente se recorta nítida sobre un fondo borroso, pero que identificamos sobradamente.

Sabemos por el titular que se trata de un suceso problemático y contradictorio: un ciego que conducía a 154 por hora (se supone que kilómetros). Enseguida vamos a comprobar que hay intención en el uso del término "ciego" frente al eufemístico y políticamente correcto "invidente".

En el subtítulo, en tipo más reducido, aparece ya como "invidente" y nos dice que la justicia le ha absuelto de intentar "engañar al juez para lograr una cuantiosa indemnización". La utilización del eufemístico "invidente" adelanta las disquisiciones jurídicas sobre lo que es y no es ser "invidente", que se desarrollan en la información.

Para el lector, sin embargo, un "ciego" es un ciego, alguien que no ve, sin más. No le hace falta seguir leyendo porque tiene una "prueba de cargo" contundente: la imagen.

¿A qué se debe tanta certeza?. El punto de vista utilizado por el fotógrafo, ligeramente detrás del "invidente", se encarga de convertir el desenfoque de la profundidad de campo en lo que ven sus ojos de supuesto ciego. Ha conseguido que veamos lo que en realidad ve, a pesar de sus gafas negras de ciego. Y así, de forma contundente, resolutiva, el lector ya tiene absolutamente evidente la sentencia: el invidente miente por mucho que diga el juez y las leyes.

¿Peligroso, verdad?

53 comentarios:

  1. Las cosas que vemos no siempre pueden ser siertas, aqui en las dos imagenes aparentemente damos como concluido las cosas que vemos; pero esto no necesariamente es verdad , contiene de alguna manera falacias.

    ResponderEliminar
  2. Online Assignment help is an association for. It is the best task to help UK organizations. Understudies should reliably keep themselves arranged to meet the school necessities in order to achieve not too bad assessments, moreover, they lean toward going to extended classes instead of forming assignments. understudies in unbelievable use. By and large, the understudies shuffle between the school, other curricular exercises, and different things. Between this, the understudies scarcely get at whatever point for focusing on their scholastics. The understudies are not set up to give a foreseen extent of time to their understudies and assignments. This task help the UK give 24 hours of accessibility to understudies. Through this, the understudies can at whatever point look for help from online associations. They begin making them an errand that is absolutely captivating and authentic. This online website continually utilizes a copyright infringement checker to ensure that the work they pass on is made out of debasement free.
    essay writing service
    Assignment help
    online assignment help UK

    ResponderEliminar
  3. Get help from assignment writing professional experts to ease your writing tasks if you are struggling hard to write your assignments. Allassignmenthelp.co.uk is an assignment helps, programming assignment help online, database management assignment, java homework help, and many more academic services provider in the United Kingdom. if you want genuinely buy assignments online at a very reasonable price, you should definitely visit our website and contact our experts according to your need. We are available 24/7 and offer one-stop solutions to the students.
    buy assignments online

    ResponderEliminar
  4. Our specialists are capable academicians and experts who have a plenty of involvement with helping students compose their assignments. At the point when you benefit of marketing assignment help from our specialists you can be ensured top-quality assignments. assignment help
    assignment provider

    ResponderEliminar
  5. Thanks for the reliable post and I understand myself lucky to optimize the subjective and objective knowledge as much as I can. To insight my business prospectus, you can visit Assignment Help USA service to know the career importance.

    ResponderEliminar
  6. Staying at a private Manuel Antonio Costa Rica Vacation Rental will make your vacation memorable and pleasurable. These villas offer a feel at home atmosphere.Provides spacious living rooms,private pools, a chef can be provided to prepare and serve.
    vacation rental manuel antonio

    ResponderEliminar
  7. Excellent articles on this website! I would like to thankyou so much for this topic providing us. I am hoping the same best work from you in the future as well and I am sharing with my all friends + my social media platform. This article is very helpful. I am very satisfied with your website. Go ahead dear, I am with you. Thanks. cheap assignment help australia - Online Assignment Help in Brisbane - Best Assignment Provider - assignment help online

    ResponderEliminar
  8. Get Essay Writing Services, Dissertation Help, thesis help, Assignment Help singapore etc. at Affordable Price. Our Writers Providing Plagiarism-free Academic Paper Writing Services.

    ResponderEliminar
  9. What i am say for your and your thoughts which you shared here many posts. This website each article is very fine and helpful for all readers. I am happy to find this site via google, Its really best that's why ranked on google top 3 position. I always prefer to read the quality content and this thing I found in you release. Thanks to you and google, Keep it up guys, You doing so well work on future. homework help cpm - college essay help - homework help math - help with my assignment

    ResponderEliminar
  10. Physical Geography is an important subject for all the students who are planning to take up higher education to achieve success and become good professionals in various fields. But since learning takes a lot of time, getting the best coaching and training in physical geography will help the students in many ways. In fact, it is the great responsibility of the teachers to provide complete guidance so that students get an ease in learning physical geography. In this endeavour, Physical Geography Assignment Help has taken a very good responsibility of sharing every possible helpline with the students to help the students to learn the subject better and get maximum benefit from the online tutor lessons.

    ResponderEliminar
  11. To deal with an organization or an undertaking, owners must have total information on every one of the divisions that are critical to run a beginning up without a hitch. This unmistakably implies learning adequate subjects while adapting up to the assignments as well. my assignment help

    ResponderEliminar
  12. I appreciate you for sharing this interesting educative article here with your viewers. I must come around to know most of your ideas and secret to a successful weblog. Its a smart contents. Once more thanks for sharing. Also visit  how much is ritman post utme form

    ResponderEliminar
  13. Palm Angels Clothing Official Shop for Palm Angels hoodies and shirts. Get Amazing Hoodies and shirts with Big Discount. Fast Shipping.
    Palm Angels T Shirt

    ResponderEliminar
  14. amazing exactly what i was searching for great content keep up the good.
    Bapeoutfits

    ResponderEliminar
  15. Discover & Shop! A complete Palm Angels Hoodie Collection at Hoodie Outfits Store. With insane 40% discount & fast shipping worldwide.
    palm angels

    ResponderEliminar
  16. Respuestas
    1. Nice and interesting post,I appreciate your hard https://ranboomerchshop.com/ work,keep uploading more, Thank you for sharing valuable information.

      Eliminar
  17. I'm looking for and I love juicewrldofficial.com to post a comment that "The substance of your post is magnificent" Great work!

    ResponderEliminar
  18. Its an interesting and useful information. https://nelkboysofficial.com/ We all get highly motivation from this.

    ResponderEliminar
  19. Its an interesting and useful officialfullsend.com information.We all get highly motivation from this.

    ResponderEliminar
  20. Visiongain has published a new report on Semi-Autonomous and Autonomous Truck Market Report to 2030: Forecasts by Level of Automation (Level 1, Level 2 & 3, and Level 4), by Propulsion Type (Electric, Diesel and Hybrid), by ADAS Features (AEB, IPA, TJA, BSD, LKA and HP), Application (Last-mile Delivery Truck and Mining Truck), by Truck Class (Class 1-Class3, Class 4 – Class 6), Class 7 – Class8), by Sensor (Camera, Ultrasonic, and LiDAR) and by Region PLUS Profiles of Leading Semi-autonomous & Autonomous Truck Manufacturing Companies and Regional and Leading National Market Analysis. PLUS, COVID-19 Recovery Scenarios.Prominent semi-autonomous truck market participants include Valeo, Scania (Volkswagen Group, Traton), JSC Kamaz, Intel, PACCAR, Qualcomm, NVIDIA, ZF (Zeppelin-Stiftung), DENSO, Tesla, Siemens, Didi Chuxing, TomTom,TuSimple, Waymo (Alphabet Inc.), Volvo, Daimler, and Continental, NXP, Aptiv, among others. These firms are implementing strategies like new product launches, acquisitions, and mergers to strengthen their presence and expand their business in the global market.













    Thus if you like to see more of reports please check here also : Asia Pacific Vaccine Market, Micro Inverter Market, Albumin Market, Middle East and Africa Cybersecurity Market,Puree Market , Vegetable Concentrates Market,Learning Management System Market, States Flooring Market, Sterilisation Services Market, Brazil Healthcare, Sports and Energy Drinks Market, Media Monitoring Tools Market

    ResponderEliminar
  21. Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.

    ResponderEliminar

  22. I read this article. I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article.
    https://shoptechnoblade.com/ .I like your

    .

    ResponderEliminar
  23. This is a great inspiring article. I am pretty much pleased with your good work. You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Thanks so much for sharing. Visit here kwararafa university school fees for freshers

    ResponderEliminar

  24. Thanks for a marvelous posting! I quite enjoyed reading it, you may be a great author. I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and will eventually come back very soon. I want to encourage you to continue your great posts, have a nice day!
    https://ericemanuelshop.com/

    ResponderEliminar

  25. If you are searching best and trusted source for Investment in Real Estate/. Then we will recommend visiting Aetmaad.They are the most professional in this domain. Let Us Help You with Your Real Estate Needs.

    ResponderEliminar
  26. The new report by Expert Market Research titled, Global 3D Scanning Market Size, Price, key players, Growth, Share, Report and Forecast 2022-2027′, gives an in-depth analysis of the global 3D Scanning Market, assessing the market based on its segments like type, range, product, application, component, and services. The market flourished from the modernisation of the healthcare system in developed economies. As there was a growing need for scanning technologies in the dentistry sector for the development of precise dental implants boosted the market. The rising demand for portable equipment has given gadgets new applications, thus raising the demand for 3D scanning. The major players in the market are Topcon Corporation, Nikon Corporation, 3D Systems Inc., Perceptron, Inc., Artec Europe, S.a.r.l., FARO Technologies, Fuel3D Technologies, Creaform Inc. Inc among others latest developments of these market players. Expert Market Research provides according to the clients’ needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, exact, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential. For more information, You can visit our website.

    ResponderEliminar
  27. I haven't any word to appreciate this post.....Really I am impressed by this post....the person who create this post was a great human..thanks for sharing this with us. Shop Astroworld Official Merchandise At Million Merch with Fast Shipping around the world.
    https://millionmerch.com/collections/astroworld-merch/

    ResponderEliminar
  28. This is a monstrously stunning site and learned more data to see this post thankful for sharing this enlightening post.shopstreetwears.com

    ResponderEliminar
  29. Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.

    ResponderEliminar
  30. Thank you very much for your kind words.https://dr-healthy.net/

    ResponderEliminar
  31. This is an amazing article, thanks for sharing it. Keep up the good work...https://robustness.co.uk/

    ResponderEliminar
  32. I read this article.https://essentialshoods.com/ I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article.

    ResponderEliminar
  33. shop here I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article.

    ResponderEliminar
  34. travis scott hoodie I think You put a great deal of exertion to make this article.

    ResponderEliminar
  35. Sharing this informative message is easy with this feature. The knowledge you have is impressive.https://theworldmagazine.xyz/

    ResponderEliminar
  36. Great website you have got here. Keep up the good work and thanks for sharing your blog site it really helps a lot.
    off white hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  37. Thanks for the blog loaded with so much information. Stopping by your blog helped me to get what I was looking for.
    grey nike hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  38. Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.

    ResponderEliminar
  39. The level of professionalism demonstrated in your articles sets a benchmark for aspiring writers.Chrome Heart Black Hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  40. Your articles stimulate intellectual curiosity and inspire a thirst for knowledge.Chrome Heart Black Hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  41. Proficient at presenting complex theories in a manner that sparks curiosity and understanding.Chrome Heart White Hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  42. thanks for the reliable post

    ResponderEliminar
  43. Este comentario ha sido eliminado por el autor.

    ResponderEliminar

  44. I am very happy with this post Thank you for sharing this



    The best article I've ever read.
    DondaMerchWoman

    ResponderEliminar
  45. Hellstar Clothing is Offering Hoodies, Sweatshirts, T-shirts, and Shorts with Big Discounts and Free fast shipping WorldWide.
    Hellstar Shirt
    Hellstar Hoodie

    ResponderEliminar
  46. The comfort and style of the Corteiz tracksuit are unmatched! I can't get enough of the sleek design and cozy feel. It's a wardrobe essential for sure.

    ResponderEliminar
  47. This is a great feature for sharing this informative message.I am impressed by the knowledge.
    sp5der offiicials

    ResponderEliminar
  48. This is a great feature for sharing this informative message.I am impressed by the knowledge.
    Essential Hoodie

    ResponderEliminar